אוסף אמין שנבנה מתוך ניסיון כיתתי עשיר על ידי שני מורים פעילים בהוראת אנגלית.

זה עובד. זה בדוק. פשוט, קל ובחינם.

מדריך קצר לדרך קלה לומדים בכיף לטירונים ולגיבורים שבדרך פטפוטון רגעי כיף בדרך לקריירה בחינות Teachers
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Section 1
Teacher's Lesson Plan
Confidential
Lesson Overview
Topic
Free Time and Hobbies — leisure, sport and personal abilities
Level
A2–early B1
Learners
School students and young adults
Duration
90 minutes
Skills
Reading · Listening · Speaking · Writing (+ Vocabulary + Grammar)
Grammar
Can (present ability / permission / possibility) · Could (past ability / polite request) · Present Simple · Past Simple — contrast
Vocabulary
10 words (A2): hobby · leisure · compete · collect · instrument · improve · talent · free time · outdoor · regular
Materials
Student Handouts 1–6 (printed); whiteboard; this plan
Learning Objectives

By the end of the lesson, students will be able to:

Understand and use 10 A2 words connected to free time, hobbies and sport
Use can to express present ability, permission and possibility
Use could to express past ability and polite requests
Form can / could in affirmative, negative and question forms
Contrast can (now) and could (in the past) to describe how abilities change over time
Use Present Simple to describe current hobbies and routines
Use Past Simple to describe past experiences and activities
Read a short text about a person's hobby journey and answer comprehension questions
Listen to a conversation about free time activities and complete listening tasks
Ask and answer questions about abilities and hobbies in a role play
Write 80–110 words about their hobbies and abilities using all target structures
Before the Lesson
Print one copy of Handouts 1–6 per student. Keep the Teacher Plan separate.
Write on the board: I can play the guitar. (present ability) vs I could swim when I was five. (past ability)
Write the polite request form: Could you help me with this? (= polite way to ask)
Write common errors: I can to play / She cans dance — can/could never takes to or verb endings
Prepare lead-in: "What do you do in your free time? Can you do anything really well?"
Read the listening script once at home to find a natural A2–B1 pace.
Note: instrument /ˈɪnstrəmənt/, leisure /ˈleʒə/, compete /kəmˈpiːt/.
Lesson Procedure
Time
Stage
Skill
Teacher does
Students do
0–5 min
Lead-in
Speaking
Ask: "What do you do in your free time? Can you do anything really well?" Elicit 2–3 responses. Write abilities on board (can swim / can cook).
Tell a partner one thing they can do well and one thing they couldn't do as a child.
5–15 min
Vocabulary
—
Present 10 words (Handout 1 Part A). Cover-and-test. Pronunciation: leisure /ˈleʒə/, compete /kəmˈpiːt/. Part B gap-fill. Part C optional.
Part A: read + self-test. Part B: gap-fill. Part C optional. Pair-check.
15–30 min
Reading
Reading
Gist: "What could Maya do as a child? What can she do now?" Tasks 1 and 2.
Read "From Zero to Hero". Answer questions. True / False / Not Given.
30–45 min
Listening
Listening
Context: "Two friends talk about their hobbies and abilities." Read TWICE. 1st: MCQ. 2nd: notes.
1st listen: MCQ. 2nd listen: note completion. Compare with partner.
45–65 min
Grammar
—
Handout 4: can uses → could uses → forms table → contrast. Exercises 1–5. Monitor. Board: common errors.
Study grammar reference. Exercises 1–5. Pair-check before class feedback.
65–78 min
Speaking
Speaking
A/B role-play cards. 2 min prep. Monitor for can/could distinction + PS/Past Simple. Delayed feedback. Discussion.
Role-play: hobby quiz interview. Swap. Group discussion.
78–90 min
Writing
Writing
Explain task: 80–110 words, all structures, 4 vocab words. Helpful phrases box.
Write about their hobbies and abilities. Self-check. Finish as homework if needed.
Teaching Notes
Handout 1 — Vocabulary

The 10 words cover both hobby vocabulary and general words for describing leisure activities at A2 level. Cover-and-test. Pronunciation: leisure /ˈleʒə/ (the 'ei' sounds like 'e' in 'bed'), compete /kəmˈpiːt/ (stress on second syllable), instrument /ˈɪnstrəmənt/. Concept-checks: "Do you compete when you play alone or against other people?" / "Is an instrument a sport or a musical object?" / "Is free time when you work or when you relax?" Part C optional.

Handout 2 — Reading

The text (~130 words) uses can (present ability), could (past ability), Present Simple and Past Simple throughout. Gist: Maya couldn't swim as a child but now competes in national events — a classic can/could contrast story. T/F/NG answers: 1 T · 2 F (she couldn't swim at all, not just swim well) · 3 T · 4 NG (no mention of her parents' hobbies) · 5 T ("She can now swim faster than most people in her club"). Push students to identify whether can or could is used in each answer and why.

Handout 3 — Listening

The script uses all four target structures naturally. Read at a clear A2–B1 pace. Task 1 answers: 1-B (he can play the guitar but couldn't when he was young) · 2-C (she collected stamps when she was a child) · 3-A (he asks if she could teach him to draw). Task 2: (1) guitar · (2) couldn't / can't · (3) collected stamps · (4) can draw really well · (5) Could you teach me.

Handout 4 — Grammar

Can — three uses:
1. Ability now: "She can play the piano." 2. Permission: "You can use my racket." 3. Possibility: "Hobbies can be very relaxing."
Could — two uses:
1. Past ability: "I could swim when I was six." 2. Polite request: "Could you show me how?"
Forms: can/could + bare infinitive — never take to, never take verb endings. No third person s.
Common errors to board: She cans dance → She can dance · I could to ride → I could ride · Can she swims? → Can she swim? · I couldn't to play → I couldn't play.
Can vs could contrast: can = now / could = in the past. This is the core contrast students need to apply in all four skills.

Handout 5 — Speaking

The hobby quiz role-play naturally activates can (present abilities), could (past abilities), Present Simple (current hobbies) and Past Simple (past hobbies). Monitor especially for: can/could + bare infinitive (no to), no third-person s on can, and the can/could time distinction. The polite request "Could you teach me to … ?" is a productive production target. Collect 4–5 errors for delayed feedback.

Handout 6 — Writing

Students write about their hobbies and how their abilities have changed. Encourage a three-part structure: (1) current hobby and what they can do now (PS + can), (2) what they couldn't do before (could + Past Simple), (3) what they practise and how they are improving (PS). Self-check covers all four structures. Stronger students: a polite request form ("Could you …?") or a possibility can ("Hobbies can help you …").

Listening Script — 'What Do You Do in Your Free Time?'
Read aloud twice at a clear A2–B1 pace. Do not show to students during the tasks.
Tom:
Hey, what do you usually do in your free time, Lena?
Lena:
Lots of things! I draw and paint, mainly. I draw every day — it's my favourite hobby. What about you?
Tom:
I play the guitar. I couldn't play at all when I was young — I had no talent for it. But I started lessons two years ago and now I can play quite well.
Lena:
That's brilliant! I can't play any instrument. I tried the piano as a child but I couldn't learn the notes. I gave up after a month.
Tom:
You just need a good teacher. Did you have any other hobbies when you were younger?
Lena:
Yes, I collected stamps for a few years. My grandfather gave me his collection. I still have it, actually. Do you collect anything?
Tom:
No, I'm not really a collector. I prefer outdoor hobbies. I used to play football but these days I mainly cycle and swim. I try to keep active and regular with exercise.
Lena:
That sounds great. You know, I can draw really well but I can't draw people — I find faces really difficult.
Tom:
Really? I would love to learn to draw. Could you teach me some basic techniques?
Lena:
Of course! I'd love to. We could meet at the weekend and I could show you how to start.
Grammar in the script:
· Can (present ability): "now I can play quite well" / "I can't play any instrument" / "I can draw really well" / "I can't draw people"
· Could (past ability): "I couldn't play at all when I was young" / "I couldn't learn the notes"
· Could (polite request): "Could you teach me some basic techniques?" / "I could show you how to start"
· Present Simple: "I draw every day" / "I play the guitar" / "I try to keep active"
· Past Simple: "I started lessons two years ago" / "I tried the piano as a child" / "I gave up after a month" / "I collected stamps for a few years"
Answer Key
Handout 1 — Vocabulary
Part B (gap-fill):
1. hobby   2. free time   3. instrument   4. talent   5. compete
6. outdoor   7. collect   8. improve   9. regular   10. leisure

Part C (matching — optional):
1-g   2-j   3-f   4-h   5-b   6-i   7-a   8-e   9-c   10-d
Handout 2 — Reading
Task 1:
1. She started swimming lessons when she was eleven.
2. She couldn't swim at all — she was afraid of the water.
3. She practises every morning before school.
4. Because she trained very hard and improved a lot.
5. She can now swim faster than most people in her club.

Task 2 (T/F/NG):   1 T   2 F   3 T   4 NG   5 T
Handout 3 — Listening
Task 1:   1-B   2-C   3-A

Task 2:
(1) guitar   (2) couldn't (play)   (3) collected stamps   (4) can draw really well   (5) Could you teach me
Handout 4 — Grammar
Exercise 1 (Can/Could forms):
1. can play   2. couldn't swim   3. Can … ride   4. can't / cannot cook   5. Could … draw   6. could run

Exercise 2 (Uses of can/could):
1. ability (present)   2. past ability   3. polite request   4. possibility   5. permission   6. past ability

Exercise 3 (Can or Could?):
1. could   2. can   3. Could   4. can   5. couldn't   6. can

Exercise 4 (Error correction):
1. She can dance → (NOT cans)   2. I couldn't play → (NOT could to play)   3. Can you swim? → (NOT Can you swims)   4. He can't ride → (NOT can't to ride)   5. Could you help me? → (NOT Could you to help)

Exercise 5 (Mixed):
1. couldn't   2. started   3. can   4. practises   5. could   6. can   7. collect   8. Could

Free Time and Hobbies

Student Handouts
Name:  
Date:  
Class:  
Handout 1

Vocabulary

Vocabulary
Part A — Key Words

Read each word and its meaning. Then cover the right column and test yourself.

Word
What it means
hobby
an activity you do for pleasure in your free time
leisure
time when you are free from work or school and can relax
compete
to take part in a contest or sport against other people
collect
to find and keep things of the same type as a hobby
instrument
an object used to make music, for example a guitar or piano
improve
to get better at something through practice and effort
talent
a natural ability to do something well, without much practice
free time
time when you have no work, school or duties — you can do what you like
outdoor
done or existing outside, not inside a building
regular
happening at the same time or with the same pattern — not occasional
Part B — Fill in the Gaps

Use the words from Part A in the correct form.

1.My favourite __________________ is cycling. I go out on my bike every weekend.
2.I don't have much __________________ during the week, so I try to do things I enjoy on Saturdays.
3.She plays the violin. It's a beautiful __________________ .
4.He has a real __________________ for drawing — he could paint beautiful pictures when he was only four!
5.She trains six days a week because she wants to __________________ in the national swimming championships.
6.I love __________________ activities like climbing, cycling and running in the park.
7.When I was a child, I used to __________________ old coins. I had over 200 of them.
8.Practice every day and you will __________________ quickly. Nobody starts perfectly.
9.I try to do exercise on a __________________ basis — three times a week, every week.
10.__________________ activities are important — we all need time to relax and enjoy ourselves.
Part C — Match  ★ For fast finishers

Match each word (1–10) to the correct meaning (a–j).

Word
1.hobby ___
2.leisure ___
3.compete ___
4.collect ___
5.instrument ___
6.improve ___
7.talent ___
8.free time ___
9.outdoor ___
10.regular ___
Meaning
a.a natural ability to do something well
b.an object used to make music
c.done or existing outside a building
d.happening at the same time or pattern
e.time with no work or duties
f.to take part in a contest against others
g.an activity you do for pleasure
h.to find and keep things of the same type
i.to get better through practice and effort
j.time when you are free to relax
Handout 2

Reading

Reading
From Zero to Hero
Paragraph 1
Maya is seventeen and she competes in swimming competitions. But it wasn't always like this. When she was ten years old, she couldn't swim at all. She was afraid of the water and couldn't even put her face in the pool. Her parents decided to get her some lessons.
Paragraph 2
Maya started swimming lessons when she was eleven. In the beginning she could only float — she couldn't do a single stroke. Her coach was patient and kind. After six months she could swim a full length of the pool and she started to enjoy it.
Paragraph 3
Now Maya practises every morning before school. She can swim all four competitive strokes and she trains with a serious club. Last year she competed in the regional championships and won a bronze medal. Her coaches say she has real talent.
Paragraph 4
Maya says: "I always tell people — don't say you can't do something. I couldn't swim, and now I can swim faster than most people in my club. Regular practice and a good attitude can change everything. You can improve at anything if you really want to."
Task 1 — Answer the Questions

Write full sentences.

1.When did Maya start swimming lessons?
Answer: ___________________________________________________________________
2.What could Maya NOT do when she first started?
Answer: ___________________________________________________________________
3.What does Maya do every morning now?
Answer: ___________________________________________________________________
4.Why can Maya swim fast now?
Answer: ___________________________________________________________________
5.What does Maya say about her swimming now?
Answer: ___________________________________________________________________
Task 2 — True / False / Not Given

Write T, F or NG. Use only information from the text.

1.Maya competed in swimming competitions when she was ten.[ T / F / NG ]
2.When Maya first started, she could swim but not very well.[ T / F / NG ]
3.Maya won a medal at the regional championships last year.[ T / F / NG ]
4.Maya's parents also enjoy swimming as a hobby.[ T / F / NG ]
5.Maya says she can now swim faster than most people in her club.[ T / F / NG ]
Handout 3

Listening

Listening
Listen to Tom and Lena talking about their hobbies. Your teacher will read the dialogue twice.
Task 1 — Choose the Correct Answer

Circle A, B or C.

1.   What can Tom do now that he couldn't do when he was young?
A.   He can draw and paint
B.   He can play the guitar
C.   He can compete in sport
2.   What hobby did Lena have as a child?
A.   She played the piano
B.   She did outdoor sports
C.   She collected stamps
3.   What does Tom ask Lena at the end?
A.   If she could teach him some drawing techniques
B.   If she can show him her stamp collection
C.   If she can come cycling with him
Task 2 — Complete the Notes

Write ONE or TWO words for each gap.

Tom and Lena's Hobbies — Notes

1.
Tom's hobby now is playing the __________________
2.
When he was young, Tom __________________ play any instrument
3.
As a child, Lena __________________ as a hobby
4.
Lena says she __________________ but she can't draw people
5.
Tom asks: " __________________ some drawing techniques?"
Handout 4

Grammar

Grammar
Grammar Reference — Can and Could

Form:  can / could + bare infinitive — NEVER add to or verb endings

 
Affirmative
Negative
Question
can (now)
I can swim.
I can't dance.
cannot (formal)
Can you cook?
Yes, I can. / No, I can't.
could (past)
I could ride a bike at six.
I couldn't read at four.
Could she swim?
Yes, she could. / No, she couldn't.
⚠️ No third-person s: She can dance. (NOT She cans dance)
⚠️ No to: I could swim. (NOT I could to swim)

Uses of can and could

can — present
could — past / polite
1. Present ability:
She can play the piano now.
1. Past ability:
She could play at age six.
2. Permission:
You can use my racket.
2. Polite request:
Could you show me how?
3. Possibility (general):
Hobbies can help you relax.
⚠️ Could you … ? = polite request
(NOT asking about ability)
Exercise 1 — Write the Correct Form

Complete each sentence using can, can't, could or couldn't + the verb in brackets.

1.She __________________ (play) the guitar really well now. She practises every day.
2.He __________________ (swim) when he was three, but he learned quickly after that.
3.__________________ you __________________ (ride) a bike when you were five? — Yes, I could!
4.I __________________ (cook) at all — everything I make tastes terrible!
5.__________________ you __________________ (draw) people when you were at school?
6.My grandfather __________________ (run) very fast when he was young. He competed in races.
Exercise 2 — What Is the Use?

Read each sentence. Write the correct use: present ability · past ability · permission · polite request · possibility.

1.  "I can play chess really well."   ___________________________
Talking about a skill you have right now.
2.  "She could draw beautifully when she was a child."   ___________________________
Talking about an ability in the past.
3.  "Could you tell me how to get to the sports centre?"   ___________________________
Asking someone to do something — very politely.
4.  "Sport can be a wonderful hobby for children."   ___________________________
Expressing what is generally true or possible.
5.  "You can use the gym any time you like."   ___________________________
Giving someone the right to do something.
6.  "When he was eight, he could play the piano perfectly."   ___________________________
Talking about a skill someone had in the past.
Exercise 3 — Can or Could?

Choose the correct modal verb. Think about time — now or in the past?

1.When I was young, I __________________ can / could ride a horse. I had lessons every Saturday.
2.My sister __________________ can / could speak three languages. She is very talented.
3."__________________ Can / Could you help me with this puzzle, please?" "Of course!"
4.He practises every day, so now he __________________ can / could compete at a high level.
5.She __________________ can't / couldn't swim at all when she first came to the club. Now she's excellent.
6.I __________________ can / could teach you the basics of photography if you're interested.
Exercise 4 — Find and Correct the Error

Each sentence has ONE mistake. Find it and correct it.

1.  "She cans dance very well — she has been dancing since she was three."
Corrected: ___________________________________________________________________
2.  "I could to play the guitar when I was twelve."
Corrected: ___________________________________________________________________
3.  "Can you swims? — Yes, I can."
Corrected: ___________________________________________________________________
4.  "He can't to ride a bike — he never learned."
Corrected: ___________________________________________________________________
5.  "Could you to help me find the sports club?"
Corrected: ___________________________________________________________________
Exercise 5 — Mixed — Fill in the Gaps

Use the words in the box.

couldn't  |  started  |  can  |  practises  |  could  |  can  |  collect  |  Could

My friend Nico loves music. When he was a child, he (1) __________________ play any instrument — he had no natural talent for it. But when he was twelve, he (2) __________________ guitar lessons. Now he (3) __________________ play very well. He (4) __________________ three times a week and performs in small concerts. When he was young, he (5) __________________ only play three chords. But now he (6) __________________ play whole songs from memory. He also loves to (7) __________________ vinyl records — he has hundreds. His dream is to become a professional musician. "__________________ (8) you imagine doing what you love every day?" he says. "That's my goal."

Handout 5

Speaking

Speaking
Task A — Hobby Quiz Interview

Work in pairs. Student A interviews Student B about their hobbies and abilities. Then swap roles.

Card A — Interviewer

Ask your partner these questions:

  • "What hobbies do you have? How often do you do them?"
  • "What can you do really well?"
  • "What couldn't you do as a child that you can do now?"
  • "What could you do as a child that you can't do now?"
  • "Could you teach me to … ?" (ask about one of their hobbies)

Card B — Answer

Answer using these structures:

  • "My hobby is … I do it every …" (PS)
  • "I can … really well."
  • "When I was young, I couldn't … but now I can."
  • "I could … as a child but now I can't."
  • "Of course! I could show you …" (polite)

Then swap — Student B asks, Student A answers.

Present ability (can): "I can swim / play / draw …"  |  "I can't cook at all."
Past ability (could): "When I was young, I could …"  |  "I couldn't … until I was …"
Polite request (could): "Could you teach me to … ?"  |  "Could you show me how?"
Current hobbies (PS): "I usually / always / often …"  |  "I do it every weekend."
Task B — Discussion

Talk in groups of three.

1.What are you good at? Is it something you always could do, or did you have to practise for a long time?
2.What couldn't you do five years ago that you can do now? How did you improve?
3.What hobby would you like to start? What would you need to learn first? Could you teach yourself, or would you need a teacher?
Handout 6

Writing

Writing
Task — My Hobbies and Abilities
The task: Write about your hobbies and how your abilities have changed. Describe what you can do now, what you couldn't do before, and how you improved.

Word count: 80–110 words
Your text must include:
Can — what you can do now (present ability)
Couldn't — something you couldn't do before (past ability)
Could — something you could do as a child, OR a polite request form
Present Simple — what you do regularly as a hobby
Past Simple — when you started or what happened
At least FOUR vocabulary words from Handout 1
Helpful phrases:
“My hobby is … I do it every …”  |  “I can … really well now.”
“When I was younger, I couldn't … at all.”  |  “I started … and improved quickly.”
“Now I can … but I still can't …”  |  “Practising regularly helped me to …”

Write a title for your text.

Self-check:  [ ] 80–110 words   [ ] can (present)   [ ] couldn't (past)   [ ] could   [ ] Present Simple   [ ] Past Simple   [ ] 4 vocab words   [ ] Title