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Vocabulary lesson plan & materials

Friendship

Past Perfect Tense · A2–C2. Grammar, reading, speaking and writing practice through travelling, memorable experiences, reunions and friendship.

  • Past Perfect
  • Friendship
  • Travel
  • Free Time
  • Reading
  • Speaking
  • Writing

Lesson Plan

Objective: understand and use the Past Perfect in spoken and written communication, identify situations where it is appropriate, and practise it through reading, speaking and role-play.

Warm-up — 15 min

Review the Past Simple with sentences such as “I visited Paris last summer.” Then introduce the Past Perfect as a tense used for events that happened before another event in the past.

Reading Passage — 20 min

Read “A Trip to Italy”, identify Past Perfect forms and discuss why they are used.

Grammar Explanation — 10 min

Explain that the Past Perfect describes an action that happened before another action in the past.

Activity 1: Gap-fill — 15 min

Complete sentences with the Past Perfect, including examples related to the reading passage.

Activity 2: Role-Play — 20 min

Pairs or small groups discuss earlier past events in travel, work and relationship contexts using the Past Perfect.

Activity 3: Group Discussion — 10 min

Discuss past regrets and how the Past Perfect can help in daily conversations and storytelling.

Closure — 5 min

Recap the key points and encourage students to use the Past Perfect in their writing.

Homework — 5 min

Write a short paragraph about a memorable past experience using the Past Perfect.

Materials

  • Whiteboard and markers
  • Handouts with reading passages and worksheets
  • Small slips of paper with role-play scenarios

Past Perfect Tense

An earlier action before another event or reference point in the past.

Affirmative

Subject + had + past participle

By the time I arrived, they had already finished dinner.

Earlier Past Event

The source explains that the Past Perfect is used for an action that happened before another action in the past.

Reading Context

Students identify Past Perfect forms in the reading and discuss their purpose in the sequence of past events.

Vocabulary in Context

  • dream of
  • study
  • excitement
  • save up
  • plan
  • arrive
  • connoisseur
  • reunion
  • reminisce
  • catch up
  • tight-knit
  • drift apart
  • long-overdue
  • anticipation
  • recount
  • formative years
  • rekindle
  • gratitude
  • memorable experience
  • travel
  • friendship
  • relationship

Reading Passages

A Trip to Italy

A2–B1

Anna had always dreamed of visiting Italy. She had studied Italian for years, and her excitement had grown with each lesson. Finally, last summer, she decided it was time to fulfill her dream. She saved up money and planned her trip meticulously. By the time she arrived in Rome, she had already visited countless Italian restaurants and tasted a variety of dishes. She felt like a true Italian food connoisseur. Her trip to Italy was everything she had hoped for, and she returned home with a heart full of memories.

Reading Questions

  1. What is the main event in the story?
  2. Can you find sentences in the passage that use the Past Perfect tense?
  3. What is the purpose of using the Past Perfect in these sentences?
Suggested answers
  1. The main event is Anna's long-awaited trip to Italy.
  2. Examples include “Anna had always dreamed of visiting Italy”, “She had studied Italian for years”, “her excitement had grown with each lesson”, “she had already visited countless Italian restaurants and tasted a variety of dishes”, and “everything she had hoped for.”
  3. The Past Perfect shows actions, experiences, or states that happened before another point or event in the past.

A Class Reunion

B1–B2

It had been 10 years since the last time they all gathered in the same room. The Class of 2013 from Riverdale High School was reuniting for their much-anticipated class reunion. The venue was a fancy banquet hall, adorned with glittering chandeliers and elegant décor. As the evening sun dipped below the horizon, old friends began to trickle in, reminiscing about their high school days. As Susan entered the banquet hall, she was greeted by familiar faces and the buzz of excitement in the air. It felt like a lifetime ago since she had last seen these people, and she was eager to catch up.

Reading Questions

  1. What was the occasion in the reading passage?
  2. How long had it been since the Class of 2013 had seen each other?
  3. Describe the setting of the class reunion.
  4. How did Susan feel when she entered the banquet hall?
  5. Why do you think class reunions are important?
Suggested answers
  1. The occasion was the Class of 2013 reunion from Riverdale High School.
  2. It had been 10 years since the Class of 2013 had all gathered in the same room.
  3. The reunion took place in a fancy banquet hall with glittering chandeliers and elegant décor.
  4. Susan felt excited and eager to catch up with familiar people she had not seen for a long time.
  5. Suggested answer: Class reunions can help people reconnect, remember shared experiences, and renew old friendships.

Rekindling Friendships

C1–C2

Sarah had always been the organizer among her friends. She was the one who had brought the group together in college, creating a tight-knit circle that had stayed close even after graduation. But life has a way of scattering even the closest of friends, and in the years that followed, the group had drifted apart.

Fast forward to last weekend, and Sarah found herself standing at the airport terminal, her heart racing with excitement. She hadn't seen most of her friends in over a decade, and they were all flying in from various corners of the world for their long-overdue reunion. Sarah had spent weeks planning this get-together, and it was finally becoming a reality.

By the time the first friend, Alex, arrived, Sarah's anticipation had grown to a fever pitch. They hugged tightly, both feeling the years melt away in that single moment. Sarah realized how much she had missed her friends when she looked into Alex's eyes. “It's been too long,” she said with a smile.

As more friends arrived, the laughter and stories of their past adventures filled the room. They recounted wild road trips, late-night study sessions, and unforgettable parties. It was as if time had reversed, and they were college students again, carefree and full of dreams.

As Sarah glanced around at her reunited friends, she couldn't help but reflect on the incredible journey they had all been on. Careers, families, and responsibilities had kept them apart, but their bond was unbreakable. She felt grateful for this moment, for the chance to relive the past with the people who had shared those formative years.

Over the weekend, they went hiking in the mountains, just like they used to. Sarah and Alex had always been the most adventurous in the group, and they led the way. They reached the summit, breathless but exhilarated. Sarah looked at Alex and said, “Remember when we used to do this every weekend?”

Alex nodded, his eyes shining with nostalgia. “Those were the days,” he replied.

As the weekend came to a close, Sarah realized that she had done more than just plan a reunion. She had rekindled old friendships, reigniting a flame that had never truly gone out. The years had passed, but their connection was as strong as ever.

And so, with hearts full of gratitude and memories, they said their goodbyes, promising not to let another decade pass before their next reunion. As Sarah watched her friends board their flights, she knew that this weekend had been a gift, a chance to celebrate the past and cherish the present.

Reading Questions

  1. How did Sarah feel about her upcoming reunion with her friends?
  2. What had caused Sarah and her friends to drift apart?
  3. How did Sarah and Alex feel when they saw each other after so many years?
  4. What did Sarah and her friends do during their reunion weekend?
  5. What did Sarah realize about her friends and their bond at the end of the weekend?
  6. How did the reunion impact Sarah and her friends?
Suggested answers
  1. Sarah felt very excited; her heart was racing as she waited for the long-overdue reunion.
  2. Careers, families, responsibilities, distance, and the passage of time had caused the friends to drift apart.
  3. They felt deeply emotional and happy to see each other again; they hugged and felt as if the years had melted away.
  4. They shared old stories and memories, spent time together, and went hiking in the mountains.
  5. Sarah realized that their bond was still strong and that she had rekindled friendships that had never truly disappeared.
  6. The reunion renewed their friendships, reminded them of their shared past, and made them promise not to wait another decade before meeting again.

Speaking & Role-Play

Activity 1 — Gap-fill Exercise

  1. By the time I arrived, they ____________ (finish) the project.
  2. She ____________ (never visit) that city before she went there last summer.
  3. Before the concert, the band ____________ (practice) for weeks.
Answers
  1. had finished
  2. had never visited
  3. had practiced / had practised
1

Travel Experiences

Two friends discuss their travel experiences and earlier events that had happened before important moments on their trips.

2

Job Interview

A candidate talks about past work and what they had done before applying for the job.

3

Relationship History

A couple talks about their relationship history and events that had happened before later milestones.

Group Discussion

  1. Have you ever had a situation in your life where you wish you had done something differently in the past? Explain.
  2. How can understanding and using the Past Perfect tense help us in daily conversations or storytelling?

Past Perfect Worksheets

Worksheet 1 — Past Perfect Simple: Affirmative Sentences

Complete the sentences using the Past Perfect Simple form of the verb in parentheses.

  1. She (study) ________ before the exam.
  2. They (finish) ________ their dinner when the movie started.
  3. He (read) ________ the book before he watched the movie adaptation.
  4. I (visit) ________ that museum last year.
  5. We (have) ________ lunch by the time he arrived.
Answers
  1. had studied
  2. had finished
  3. had read
  4. had visited
  5. had had

Worksheet 2 — Past Perfect Simple: Negative Sentences

Rewrite the sentences in the Past Perfect Simple tense in negative form.

  1. She had already eaten breakfast. → She ________ already ________ breakfast.
  2. They had visited Paris before. → They ________ ________ Paris before.
  3. He had finished his work. → He ________ ________ his work.
  4. I had read the book. → I ________ ________ the book.
  5. We had seen that movie. → We ________ ________ that movie.
Answers
  1. had not / hadn't … eaten
  2. had not / hadn't … visited
  3. had not / hadn't … finished
  4. had not / hadn't … read
  5. had not / hadn't … seen

Worksheet 3 — Past Perfect Simple: Interrogative Sentences

Transform the sentences into interrogative sentences using the Past Perfect Simple tense.

  1. She had visited London last summer. → ________ she ________ London last summer?
  2. They had already left when we arrived. → ________ they ________ already ________ when we arrived?
  3. He had watched the match on TV. → ________ he ________ the match on TV?
  4. I had finished my homework. → ________ I ________ my homework?
  5. We had met her before the party. → ________ we ________ her before the party?
Answers
  1. Had she visited London last summer?
  2. Had they already left when we arrived?
  3. Had he watched the match on TV?
  4. Had I finished my homework?
  5. Had we met her before the party?

Friendship · Past Perfect Tense · A2–C2 · AllEnglishStudy

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